What do alpha cells in the pancreas produce?

Alpha cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing glucagon, a hormone that plays a critical role in glucose metabolism. When blood sugar levels fall, glucagon is released into the bloodstream, prompting the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which increases blood glucose levels. This process is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis in the body, especially during periods of fasting or between meals when glucose levels can drop.

This function of glucagon is vital for counteracting the effects of insulin, another hormone produced by the pancreas, specifically by the beta cells. While insulin lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, glucagon's role is to ensure that glucose is available when needed. Thus, the production of glucagon by alpha cells is a key component of the regulatory mechanism that maintains stable blood glucose levels.