What is the most common medical condition in neonates?

The most common medical condition in neonates is jaundice. This condition occurs due to the immaturity of the liver in newborns, leading to an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood. Jaundice is characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. It is particularly common in the first week after birth and is often physiological, meaning it resolves on its own as the infant's liver matures.

While hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, and infection can occur in neonates, jaundice is typically seen as a widespread issue that is monitored closely in newborns, making it a significant concern in neonatal care. Hypoglycemia is less common and usually related to specific risk factors, respiratory distress, while also frequently encountered, may not be as prevalent as jaundice in the overall population, and infections can arise but often occur in specific conditions or vulnerable populations. Thus, jaundice stands out as a universal condition impacting a large number of newborns.