What is the second stage of labor?

The second stage of labor is characterized by the expulsion of the fetus. During this stage, contractions become stronger and more frequent, allowing the fetus to move down the birth canal. This stage begins when the cervix is fully dilated to 10 centimeters, marking the transition from the first stage of labor (which focuses on dilation and effacement of the cervix) to the second stage, where the actual delivery occurs. The mother participates in this stage by pushing during contractions, assisting the fetus in navigating through the birth canal and ultimately leading to vaginal delivery.

In the context of the other options, dilation refers to the first stage of labor, the expulsion of the placenta occurs in the third stage, and the resting phase is not officially recognized as a defined stage of labor. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for recognizing the sequence and events that unfold during labor and delivery.