What is the standard treatment for dystonic reactions caused by antipsychotics?

Dystonic reactions are often associated with the use of antipsychotic medications and can manifest as muscle spasms, rigidity, or abnormal postures. The standard treatment for these reactions involves the use of anticholinergic medications or antihistamines that can help alleviate the symptoms.

Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, is commonly used to treat dystonic reactions due to its anticholinergic properties. Administering diphenhydramine at a dose of 1mg/kg effectively helps to reduce the acute dystonic symptoms by counteracting the effects of the antipsychotic medications on the central nervous system. This is a well-established practice in emergency and paramedic settings.

Other options provided are not appropriate for treating dystonic reactions. For instance, Valium (diazepam), while it has muscle relaxant properties, is not the first line treatment for this specific type of reaction. Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, does not address the underlying issue of muscle spasms associated with dystonia. OnabotulinumtoxinA injections are typically used for chronic management of muscle hyperactivity but are not relevant for acute treatment in these cases. Thus, diphenhydramine remains the preferred choice in