Which physical sign is often associated with emphysema?

The physical sign often associated with emphysema is a barrel chest. This condition arises as the lungs become hyperinflated due to the destruction of the alveoli, which impairs their ability to exchange gases effectively. As a result, individuals with emphysema may find it difficult to exhale fully, leading to a build-up of air in the lungs that alters the shape of the chest. The barrel chest appearance is characterized by a rounded, protruding rib cage that resembles the shape of a barrel.

In emphysema, the elasticity of lung tissues is compromised, contributing to this altered thoracic configuration. Over time, as the disease progresses and lung function declines, the physical changes become more pronounced, making the barrel chest a distinctive sign of the disease.

Other choices, such as thick mucus production, frequent coughing, and a normal respiratory rate, do not typically characterize emphysema. While some patients may experience coughing and mucus production, these symptoms are more commonly associated with chronic bronchitis, another form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Emphysema usually presents with less cough and sputum production, and due to airway obstruction, respiratory rates can be affected rather than remaining normal.